小学生如何练字？

我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”，可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下，越来越多的考试采用答题卡，网上阅卷，字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此，在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。

写字习惯

从孩子一年级学习写字开始，掌握正确的写字姿势，养成良好的写字习惯，才有助于孩子的身体发育，视力保护，同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。

坐姿

孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点，要求做到：头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略，那就是双脚自然平放在地上，全脚掌着地，双腿分开约与肩同宽，此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。

同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”，也就是身体距桌子一拳，眼睛离课本一尺（约33厘米），握笔手指离笔尖约一寸（约3.3厘米），不含胸驼背。

坐端正后，还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央，摆正后再来书写，避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。

在孩子学习写字的初期，家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒，帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。

握笔姿势

握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的，做精细动作的能力较差，握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导，帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。

1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出

2、俩指轻合成圆环状。

3、笔杆穿过圆环，再由中指从下往上自然挺住，把笔杆固定在三角架中。

注意

1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米（约一寸）

2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。

练字前准备

选笔

练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头，而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字，因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习，无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。

铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性，能体现落笔的轻重，进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋，能做到顿笔、收笔的区别，使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。

1、铅笔

适合儿童和初学者，有助于表现笔画粗细，练出笔锋。

2、中性笔

价廉易取，容易控制，0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。

3、钢笔

最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大，需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。

选字帖

字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论，凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字，我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了，令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧，对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红，因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法，我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。

选字体

练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习，没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习，再进行楷书练习，最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此，如果跳过基础练习，直接进行大师字体临摹，很可能练习多年也不得要领，写不出好字。

正式练字

每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。

低年级

对于低年级的孩子来说，首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等，书写前需要认真观察，看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时，尽量仿照书中出示的楷体，一笔一画模仿写。

需要特别注意的有：

1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写，混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正！

2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中，大小适中，上下左右都要留出一定的位置。

3、学会观察字的结构，如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等，还要注意不同结构的占格，如“你”字左窄右宽，“卧”字左宽右窄。

4、学会观察重要笔画。

一个字中最长的笔画及它在田字格中的位置，如“耳”字中最长的横是第六笔，写在横中线下，从左到右微微向上倾斜。

“目”“垂”这类字中“横”较多，每横之间的距离要基本相等。

左右结构的字会出现“穿插避让”，如“林”字左边的“木”最后一笔要写成“点”。

最后一笔为“捺”时，如“八”“木”要特别注意下笔舒展，渐加力至捺脚重按笔出锋，不能写成“点”。

5、低年级时对孩子的要求应该是把字写正确、规范，而不是过于追求和字帖一样的美观，这样过高的要求可能会打击孩子写字的积极性。如果想引导孩子练出起笔、顿笔、收笔，可以利用和教材配套的字帖，其中会对每个字的笔顺、占格、笔画位置等有较为详细的指导；也可以将楷体字放大，先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点，再模仿练习。

中年级

在低年级把字写正确的基础上，中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时，孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展，书写更加熟练、自如，练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观，也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖，此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖，这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄，不便于书写；此外，离开了下面的“模子”，孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。

中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字，由铅笔到钢笔的转换，部分孩子可能不适应，而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的，正是因为如此，才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意，不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔，这样写字时可能更为整洁，但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。

还有一点需要提醒的是，中年级是孩子错别字的高发期，此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况，对于写错的字，应用规范的删除符号“/”划去，这样才能保证书面整洁。

高年级

等孩子到高年级，写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为“一篇字”，在写好每个字的基础上，注意字与字之间的间隔，行与行之间的空隙，追求整篇字的美观。

还要有意识地提高写字的速度，在保证字体规范、工整的前提下，尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的，例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话，而不是每次只看一个词或几个字；书写时不过于追求每个字的美观；字体大小适中；保持正确的握笔姿势；平时加强识字写字练习等。

练字步骤

控笔训练

从练字的角度，把控笔练习分为三个阶段：

第一阶段：协调力控笔训练。不管细节，只找感觉，这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力，纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。

第二阶段：精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习，切实注意起止位置，全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力，真正做到手笔合一。

第三阶段：美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。

扩展资料

首先，笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示，从笔画开始练字，我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下，用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等，久而久之，甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。

其次，笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化，要做到手笔合一，对于初学练字者来说，这是难上加难，而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后，练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边，这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。

第三，美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点，经过专门的美学训练，可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。

基础笔画训练

运笔的基本笔法：中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。

美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当，呈现出美的形态与神态，充满活力，或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔，归于自然。

中锋

即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时，笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位，落纸后，笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时，笔尖在笔画中间，两边的笔毫一齐用力，墨迹向两边渗透均匀，写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。

侧锋

侧锋又叫做偏锋，与中锋相对。侧锋用笔，笔入纸后，笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时，顺锋竖入，向右下顿笔，此时笔尖朝左上方，当我们向右稍拖带时，笔的运行方向是朝右的，笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画，往往一侧较厚实，一侧较单薄，这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。

“中锋取骨，侧锋取妍”，侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。

起笔、行笔、收笔

行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔，就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左边起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。

提笔、按笔

钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。

翻笔、折笔

翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑，如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇，都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、"山"字的竖折，都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而用力。

风格，指用锋的深浅。

使转和方圆

在书写的过程中，随点画之势运笔，带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来，用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使，钩环盘纡谓之转。”（王绂《论书》）。点画的“遣送”为使，点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实，“转”有虚，“转”更难。转笔作用很大，极须用意。它即是换笔，又是调笔，方法也需视情况而变。

写字口诀

小小一点要点好，学会顿笔很重要；

横要平，竖要直，撇有锋，捺有脚；

提钩要尖折有角，行笔轻快要记牢；

认真练习功夫到，笔画健美字才好。

18个基本笔画运笔示意图

一、长横

二、竖画

三、撇

四、点

五、卧钩

六、竖撇

七、竖弯钩

八、平捺

九、戈钩

十、垂露竖

十一、捺

十二、竖折

十三、竖钩

十四、提钩

十五、撇点

十六、平撇

十七、横撇

十八、横折

偏旁部首训练

汉字的偏旁部首是指各种点画的固定搭配，是汉字的结构单位，是构成汉字的基础，重复出现的频率极高，具有极为普遍的代表性。它们在汉字中的形态基本固定，并具有一定的书写规律，因此掌握偏旁部首的写法，狠抓偏旁部首，不失为一条最为有效的捷径，对学习汉字结构也是一条快捷之路。同时，偏旁部首书写的正确与否，直接关系到字形的美观，所以在学习钢笔书法的结构前，有必要先掌握汉字各种偏旁部首的正确写法。同时，掌握好一个偏旁部首，即可举一反三地运用到其他很多字当中去，可达到事半功倍的效果。

汉字的偏旁部首常用的有82种，一般归纳为：字头、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包围五大类。

字头

字底

左偏旁

右偏旁

包围

认识字形结构

汉字的结构对称特点，主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义，它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线（面）为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲（完全重普或部分重叠），具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息，因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。

根据对称的种类及层次，结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况：

1、上下部件结构对称：如吕、昌等。

2、左右部件结构对称：如比、林、非等。

3、内外部件结构对称：如回等。

4、部分部件结构对称：如以中间部件为轴对称：如辩、斑等；字形下部的部件结构对称：如丽、翁等；字形上部的部件结构对称：如丛、琶等；字形左边的部件结构对称：如彬等，字形右边的部件结构对称：如琳等。

5、部件多层重叠的结构对称：如、鑫等。

6、独体字中的结构对称：如田、中等。

据作者初步统计，在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》（北京：语文出版社，1989）收集的7000个通用的汉字中，上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个，占通用汉字总数的8.74%。

其教学过程及步骤如下：

第一阶段：形象地显示自然界的对称规律。

大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此，可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段，让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体，双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称，从而使学生初步感知对称的美，并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。

第二阶段：直观地识别对称的基本的独体字

汉字的字形形象而多变，但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时，可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”，可首先展示雨景，让学生观察雨点方向，继而展示一个古时的“雨”字，最后展示演变至今的“雨”，引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的，而如果四点的方向不一，这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上，学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美，只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法，还可以让学生通过折折，剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折，画一个空心“口”字，再用剪刀剪出这个字，把这个“口”字打开来，就是“田”字。

第三阶段：分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。

当学生初步感知对称这一概念，学会了对称的独体字后，可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法，归类识别各种对称的合体字，并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。

①字谜法

适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣，可让学生编字谜，师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱，三金是鑫”等等。

②颜色标注法

适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分，如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”，右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等，对于以中间部件为轴对称的字，如班，可用色标标出其中间部分。

③儿歌分解法

同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。

另外，当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后，还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字，激发学生字的兴趣。

规范字书写练习

购买适合自己的字贴进行练习。

1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练：字体规范、人教版教材适用（各年级都有） 。

2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖：描红、临帖结合 。

3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖：内容系统全面（各年级都有）。

4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖：衡水体 。

5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇：同步词汇 。

6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖：凹槽+临摹。

7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖：幼儿、凹槽。

适合的字帖

1、清晰

按照现在的印刷技术，清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商，为了让字帖更清晰，更具有迷惑性，在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。

2、选择高端版本

所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了，难免会有误差。选择字帖，应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。

3、选择全彩色印刷

高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些，但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张，墨色深浅如何等等，好的全彩色字帖，都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹，并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。

4、复制品

复制品的概念，可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品，其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的，它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力，墨色，纸张的颜色，气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素，它都有。

5、字帖有标明尺寸

这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸，才会判断出来原作到底有多大，字有多大，线条有多粗，然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”，可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下，越来越多的考试采用答题卡，网上阅卷，字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此，在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从孩子一年级学习写字开始，掌握正确的写字姿势，养成良好的写字习惯，才有助于孩子的身体发育，视力保护，同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点，要求做到：头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略，那就是双脚自然平放在地上，全脚掌着地，双腿分开约与肩同宽，此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”，也就是身体距桌子一拳，眼睛离课本一尺（约33厘米），握笔手指离笔尖约一寸（约3.3厘米），不含胸驼背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正后，还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央，摆正后再来书写，避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子学习写字的初期，家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒，帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},,"attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc4ee17a03c148cd881f3c5f5b6ebba9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的，做精细动作的能力较差，握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导，帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、俩指轻合成圆环状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔杆穿过圆环，再由中指从下往上自然挺住，把笔杆固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomCkWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},,"attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cccc6635bd24beb88213ecdf1d71d22","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米（约一寸）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头，而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字，因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习，无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性，能体现落笔的轻重，进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋，能做到顿笔、收笔的区别，使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合儿童和初学者，有助于表现笔画粗细，练出笔锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},,"attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8878a6068ba7421b994fbb4384d38a98","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"价廉易取，容易控制，0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},,"attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c18e26021a2408db3351aeda1686878","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大，需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75b334c36dcd4e59b0d16a93125773db","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnM4c0mw0g4OYgSMJRTSUX8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmigIkqCWuGSamwq0oZQaFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论，凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字，我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了，令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧，对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红，因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法，我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniawgc6moE8SgorYcMFuhmb"},,"attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eaac5d8fff124dfb87a0c402e6bad2ac","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnqK4wgaqYa8iMq2bdEOYcVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQmq0QiQqmSyiq1EKkneJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习，没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习，再进行楷书练习，最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此，如果跳过基础练习，直接进行大师字体临摹，很可能练习多年也不得要领，写不出好字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0EUGYMoSOkecNYrR1ArFb"},,"attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82b308e82a77415eb8034f2788329104","width":304},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UwooIImcyqQtjtGUeXeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正式练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCaYoIui4YY2a0AN7E9pXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugE6IiiQSEUC416F5qlgrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kAa48musqYKwrbVRh1HTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于低年级的孩子来说，首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等，书写前需要认真观察，看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时，尽量仿照书中出示的楷体，一笔一画模仿写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeEcKqmiUAYYGCKuKNk6kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要特别注意的有：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiogUSieK84eQhxZqjXple"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写，混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny466KKKCYCGYKetveQadHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中，大小适中，上下左右都要留出一定的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEQyWsqoWueIcpPn5kUN4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学会观察字的结构，如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等，还要注意不同结构的占格，如“你”字左窄右宽，“卧”字左宽右窄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaYsy28MGmQS2A9BWpdig6"},{"type":"imageList","children":[,"attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4789bad2345f43f29c85c2de48ba4ad8","width":183},"text":"","id":"doxcnwcwKE2ISyOeWCkGI6yRLab"},,"attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c1fdd0ee3de4d1baddb715aac8c0c85","width":163},"text":"","id":"doxcnS4eAwAmm4iQem6SPYBeygd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSQEmWEEU8IGa4KUeDDZlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、学会观察重要笔画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSQEmWEEU8IGa4KUeDDZlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个字中最长的笔画及它在田字格中的位置，如“耳”字中最长的横是第六笔，写在横中线下，从左到右微微向上倾斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWkw2CY2YUyc9kS9lkUcLC"},,"attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/930e3f2c15194a269763a3a91dde1ebd","width":250},"text":"","id":"doxcnmwwkSa4k060yYv8dHXEwkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“目”“垂”这类字中“横”较多，每横之间的距离要基本相等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwoU8ECKa4Am2yGFBQyeEy2"},,"attrs":{"height":264,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3d74b4263b8a4ea7a24d58add4de518e","width":330},"text":"","id":"doxcnqaiGcEeUsKocWYjWtioNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右结构的字会出现“穿插避让”，如“林”字左边的“木”最后一笔要写成“点”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0gUgUEw6CMAq2zlMVc3Ke"},,"attrs":{"height":268,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4def94ef30a2460b89c2e1c431ea4aac","width":267},"text":"","id":"doxcncQae4QcqMawmwbVYEFtHQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后一笔为“捺”时，如“八”“木”要特别注意下笔舒展，渐加力至捺脚重按笔出锋，不能写成“点”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSaSOkq0Sck20giJXqN4zg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[,"attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ba75405bf254beaace0a6571dd56ec3","width":337},"text":"","id":"doxcnCQG2QQ82aauiYd6WZOpV70"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b6c758c8d91439f884f1c896129615d","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnu8wE0eOwEiEu2WnWdXJolB"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、低年级时对孩子的要求应该是把字写正确、规范，而不是过于追求和字帖一样的美观，这样过高的要求可能会打击孩子写字的积极性。如果想引导孩子练出起笔、顿笔、收笔，可以利用和教材配套的字帖，其中会对每个字的笔顺、占格、笔画位置等有较为详细的指导；也可以将楷体字放大，先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点，再模仿练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnay8USSG0MUEQwv3u1opETd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在低年级把字写正确的基础上，中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时，孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展，书写更加熟练、自如，练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观，也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖，此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖，这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄，不便于书写；此外，离开了下面的“模子”，孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGc8U8cmwsiWMrFoDaob5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字，由铅笔到钢笔的转换，部分孩子可能不适应，而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的，正是因为如此，才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意，不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔，这样写字时可能更为整洁，但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoYsIEyiWEw8aYJxtOxP0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还有一点需要提醒的是，中年级是孩子错别字的高发期，此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况，对于写错的字，应用规范的删除符号“/”划去，这样才能保证书面整洁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoAImC0KogQgqOJph9p7gc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4SQIkoiSU4IUpo7iSu68e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等孩子到高年级，写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“一篇字”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，在写好每个字的基础上，注意字与字之间的间隔，行与行之间的空隙，追求整篇字的美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKguAAMKU602YSF9hNTxFcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"还要有意识地提高写字的速度，在保证字体规范、工整的前提下，尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的，例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话，而不是每次只看一个词或几个字；书写时不过于追求每个字的美观；字体大小适中；保持正确的握笔姿势；平时加强识字写字练习等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamWQuaGagUY0ghN11D4Vxb"},,"attrs":{"height":474,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8635909b05543cbbe13507be3c5f6c0","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnMMGsmWmqKse647ZSlt9JXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weoyUkG8G4k0o7a4FKftc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控笔训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUgqWC4ec02e4sNAebFOfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从练字的角度，把控笔练习分为三个阶段：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGM64YaYMOKegR8CkxUXpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段：协调力控笔训练。不管细节，只找感觉，这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力，纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScumSaSQc8I2cbLhMEjYS5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二阶段：精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习，切实注意起止位置，全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力，真正做到手笔合一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykaieqqIm22kmMGcZ8TQ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段：美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扩展资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示，从笔画开始练字，我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下，用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等，久而久之，甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次，笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化，要做到手笔合一，对于初学练字者来说，这是难上加难，而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后，练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边，这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点，经过专门的美学训练，可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点，按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列，让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础笔画训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔的基本笔法：中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当，呈现出美的形态与神态，充满活力，或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔，归于自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时，笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位，落纸后，笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时，笔尖在笔画中间，两边的笔毫一齐用力，墨迹向两边渗透均匀，写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋又叫做偏锋，与中锋相对。侧锋用笔，笔入纸后，笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时，顺锋竖入，向右下顿笔，此时笔尖朝左上方，当我们向右稍拖带时，笔的运行方向是朝右的，笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画，往往一侧较厚实，一侧较单薄，这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中锋取骨，侧锋取妍”，侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起笔、行笔、收笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEQIaSqwU8iicX9ytmvwXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画，在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔，就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔；行笔，就是书写笔画的中间运笔；收笔，就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画，左边起笔，中为行笔，右为收笔，起笔有轻有重，行笔有快有慢，收笔有回有露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCASE2aoyc8YCKhjfUc3Jd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOWuiskk4Oek8hwdJEJrNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按，以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔，就是笔从纸面提起，笔尖触纸力度小，笔画要细；所谓按笔，就是笔尖在纸上往下按，笔尖触纸力度大，笔画要粗一些。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawAukQQSKk68cFRQcBDmee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4Qi46YII0Mw8PdAqUCgte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔，一般是向上取逆势，上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑，如“古”字的横，“人”、“有”的撇，都是用翻笔写成的。折笔，一般是向下、向右取顺势，如“口”字的横折、\"山\"字的竖折，都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔，都要求用笔慢而用力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OoQuMo44QoocV7fMpbnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"风格，指用锋的深浅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sAqCwYqqgegWS6GCV7Y2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使转和方圆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gUWiSMAEesQC07vayZWlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在书写的过程中，随点画之势运笔，带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来，用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使，钩环盘纡谓之转。”（王绂《论书》）。点画的“遣送”为使，点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实，“转”有虚，“转”更难。转笔作用很大，极须用意。它即是换笔，又是调笔，方法也需视情况而变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2ACiiaOKqmYmaHvNHikCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaukGqCGS26gKOTlhW9rJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小小一点要点好，学会顿笔很重要；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgEOsmc4AEeGGsXifw8d9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横要平，竖要直，撇有锋，捺有脚；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQC6sg8UgIUauGADpgOa1Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提钩要尖折有角，行笔轻快要记牢；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4WA8CKkGeuuIbQ3EHh5ch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"认真练习功夫到，笔画健美字才好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC4MuKOWEWE0wr5jdfeGih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18个基本笔画运笔示意图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOUUo2iQ0yOUpIDcwJKGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、长横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6gaaqa846CqaewLCFOKre"},,"attrs":{"height":411,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1301e04c2c7b408b8cfe79022a135d81","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnqQ6Y42IsSuEoOo7aZSnHUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqAK6i4286MOi6DlK7gKSf"},,"attrs":{"height":396,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67daba4642b24754a13cf64f332513cd","width":498},"text":"","id":"doxcnk0e8gMs8MI6us1uJTtb3Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yswookeokESiNVl00Tkd"},,"attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b982074a1b164deabd2ec0641599cad8","width":441},"text":"","id":"doxcna262kqIaQ4iC0KpjpMnRrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4aaKqsYYQ2WO2z2vtZRkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YI6QsKsYEEgMnlnnuy42e"},,"attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6631faa70f8444088a32d9c1f7f6077","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnceCIMCEU4musp1Tk2B7fEX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkuKmYAYwAaU2TlhKDBFUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、卧钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWMcumuiCyOeOWCNwRHOvd"},,"attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ac67bc4bdd848d7a9022ad427ece999","width":507},"text":"","id":"doxcnUCqk8gaqAIoshJ4Zfdortw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、竖撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqC2KSYOo26WwxYoqxMdtg"},,"attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/638e5a8847604911a061cda45d25eeae","width":567},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOkoSag4EEOk8dsczFAz2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、竖弯钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaoK0KscSk040UEM6FRR4f"},,"attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33a0e92bea4c4d8d9543d5189f2dde03","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ySEmk0SOGiGqmmPDDXrtl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni46GQI28aEsGCKtaVsb6ld"},,"attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c631dea5bef6406a96853c4d0f990478","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnYWoggUy6864Y4EDv3qomVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、戈钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkY664Gs4uSAakTISbCqUd"},,"attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f098d10f52024cfa9afbc9f5ca5cd11a","width":583},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa4e2eueEOc8QFB57L0xDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、垂露竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0asqeqekGmOOSJ1cqBjIb"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a86b90008ea46588a9940f860ffb6ba","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnmms08wK4G0QiGyyi5z04ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8ssM8aoQUQaMzvBvKawRb"},,"attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a4f44fb8d824fb1be8098b0d57710b2","width":592},"text":"","id":"doxcn8wSMimOOkeCk4RFkDYQAsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、竖折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26WUu4UEgWsYAKyvLpjF2a"},,"attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5f6fcaf9b044703a0acd7037509ac50","width":571},"text":"","id":"doxcnomiMCskGGWW2a2OL8dOilm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十三、竖钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OyqKWYsO8YgIlhJXYf1hd"},,"attrs":{"height":506,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bebf93b38deb8a48a4","width":578},"text":"","id":"doxcnG6e8EUcuwa2wqAvcr0Dohg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十四、提钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUysEyyssIiAAcmFHNPV5ST"},,"attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a56032305b24afb9d3dad5187ed6ac4","width":582},"text":"","id":"doxcnA8ISwwoU0KseixaDA73Sm8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十五、撇点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOEo4ckauAYQyq0Uuln1BPe"},,"attrs":{"height":385,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f4f1f8a834fc1f9ff2aa4","width":574},"text":"","id":"doxcnSg6s8GUQOEUYMxapGY77Eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十六、平撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0ai642QE0wqMdscdeTore"},,"attrs":{"height":225,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2b683c7e4fd44f0a9f93e95ff290f914","width":464},"text":"","id":"doxcngsyyUi262CoaeGPdlCABFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十七、横撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYi8KKk2gmcAE3IZpviUff"},,"attrs":{"height":379,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f428387ce0d64299bd5791c13d8f4c3f","width":587},"text":"","id":"doxcnYeeUUe8qwYMQsh5c6gT2Rd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十八、横折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2myUmaaaye8kjw2AP8RRf"},,"attrs":{"height":384,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a9193e4b9394bd190a67a77e3d9d7a3","width":579},"text":"","id":"doxcnWe6y64oCsu6QUX85uQoGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mC6S4Yq4ksC6GJflQJlFf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏旁部首训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyMIKw8MQ0okeeIQvt6nXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的偏旁部首是指各种点画的固定搭配，是汉字的结构单位，是构成汉字的基础，重复出现的频率极高，具有极为普遍的代表性。它们在汉字中的形态基本固定，并具有一定的书写规律，因此掌握偏旁部首的写法，狠抓偏旁部首，不失为一条最为有效的捷径，对学习汉字结构也是一条快捷之路。同时，偏旁部首书写的正确与否，直接关系到字形的美观，所以在学习钢笔书法的结构前，有必要先掌握汉字各种偏旁部首的正确写法。同时，掌握好一个偏旁部首，即可举一反三地运用到其他很多字当中去，可达到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiceeOm0Go6UO2DNgJQU1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的偏旁部首常用的有82种，一般归纳为：字头、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包围五大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykKKqwSsEY446hBVy09P3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 字头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG0MmAy6Y6q4COqC7gYflb"},,"attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 字头","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77a411f6d0d84a1d8fad7491946490db","width":542},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Guq8gCSaIwikBwrM4Wa3m"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESqUCWEG0YgyK58XSWFicR"},,"attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c3c497495b164986a603e8a321001995","width":538},"text":"","id":"doxcnUaIwiWYO8Go0APqhD2X6qg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0okWIamCukY2K4gMCZsRHc"},,"attrs":{"height":321,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a56902cb861b449cb1fc3acfb59c4496","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcngAimWYk20cog00pjwka9sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EoQWowKeUKwMvxaNT2prd"},,"attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/218ecef231784b44b4afdb3cd8c56bab","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcnmSwyu4k4IMOAEDbDdqRJQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqAIaUEK4mWaI9YifgkP1f"},,"attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7316d411cdca4a36b9eb401c840341e4","width":544},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEM6wag4SyQwPTbv6cjoJB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识字形结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwkcyKIIE2WG8WU0HxJwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构对称特点，主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义，它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线（面）为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲（完全重普或部分重叠），具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息，因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uuOWsI4EGWUuOhz6ObFvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据对称的种类及层次，结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYUk4c0GcQIeOC2lbs0i0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、上下部件结构对称：如吕、昌等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgIOkSuMeqwwQj6Jwhnz4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、左右部件结构对称：如比、林、非等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6e62sKWUCiUUJcJcqpQ9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、内外部件结构对称：如回等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8uWkyUCoAmi27hTDw5Tcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、部分部件结构对称：如以中间部件为轴对称：如辩、斑等；字形下部的部件结构对称：如丽、翁等；字形上部的部件结构对称：如丛、琶等；字形左边的部件结构对称：如彬等，字形右边的部件结构对称：如琳等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAYgEAU606oAMnBJpJW3qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、部件多层重叠的结构对称：如、鑫等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaKeUGIkq0a8IpVYnPPUBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、独体字中的结构对称：如田、中等。\\n据作者初步统计，在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》（北京：语文出版社，1989）收集的7000个通用的汉字中，上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个，占通用汉字总数的8.74%。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其教学过程及步骤如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOsIUey4Em6aAxFxlJVXJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段：形象地显示自然界的对称规律。\\n大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此，可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段，让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体，双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称，从而使学生初步感知对称的美，并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。\\n第二阶段：直观地识别对称的基本的独体字\\n汉字的字形形象而多变，但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时，可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”，可首先展示雨景，让学生观察雨点方向，继而展示一个古时的“雨”字，最后展示演变至今的“雨”，引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的，而如果四点的方向不一，这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上，学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美，只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法，还可以让学生通过折折，剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折，画一个空心“口”字，再用剪刀剪出这个字，把这个“口”字打开来，就是“田”字。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段：分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQooykMiOKO8e24T9CoJ1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当学生初步感知对称这一概念，学会了对称的独体字后，可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法，归类识别各种对称的合体字，并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。\\n①字谜法\\n适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣，可让学生编字谜，师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱，三金是鑫”等等。\\n②颜色标注法\\n适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分，如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”，右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等，对于以中间部件为轴对称的字，如班，可用色标标出其中间部分。\\n③儿歌分解法\\n同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"另外，当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后，还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字，激发学生字的兴趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2wW4ekqqg0k4I5erDaOZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"规范字书写练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSoi62qaqcqKETbVuo7DKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买适合自己的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"字贴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGsAIgaW4KMIAvAT02qNnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练：字体规范、人教版教材适用（各年级都有） 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagCQGK4sg8eG0Sny0Qf3Fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖：描红、临帖结合 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYA8QK0QSksE4W4LgUV6Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖：内容系统全面（各年级都有）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2IGo2yWUUCEUXF7cpsH8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖：衡水体 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUegKse6iYmEEF6zFqXSrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇：同步词汇 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8uesMou8YyYKo0cpoTzce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖：凹槽+临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksOKKkW2OSqwELVsHfHjig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖：幼儿、凹槽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIyOsg8CwuM8AT8yfHAERh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAacyyEQ0icaS43XlEMTjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、清晰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照现在的印刷技术，清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商，为了让字帖更清晰，更具有迷惑性，在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、选择高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了，难免会有误差。选择字帖，应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择全彩色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些，但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张，墨色深浅如何等等，好的全彩色字帖，都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹，并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、复制品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复制品的概念，可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品，其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的，它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力，墨色，纸张的颜色，气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素，它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、字帖有标明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸，才会判断出来原作到底有多大，字有多大，线条有多粗，然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

顶一下

(0)

0%

踩一下

(0)

0%